Women’s Cancer Communication Project
Coordinated by the European Institute of Women’s Health
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In humans, the skin covers the body, protecting it from water loss and physical damage. The skin helps regulate the body temperature.It contains ‘sense’ organs or receptors which help us adjust to our surroundings. |
The skin is made up of 3 layers:
The Epidermis
The Epidermis is the thinner outer layer of the skin.
It is made up of a layer of cells which protect the body’s inner cells from germs and harmful substances.
New cells formed at the base of the epidermis slowly move up to the surface.
By the time they reach the surface they are dead. The dead skin cells are then discarded naturally, to make way for new cells.
Thus, one of the main functions of the epidermis is cell renewal.
The epidermis also acts as a barrier to preserve moisture, vitamins, minerals and proteins.
The Dermis
The Dermis is a layer of tissue that is deeper and thicker than the epidermis.
It contains the hair roots which are contained in a hair follicle.
Each follicle contains one or more oil glands which produce sebum.
Sebum is an oily substance that conditions the hair and skin.
Sweat glands begin in the dermis. Some of these sweat glands open into hair follicles while others open directly to the top layer of skin, the Epidermis.
The Dermis contains the sense organs for touch, pressure, pain and temperature. Nerve fibres and blood vessels reside in the dermis.
The Subcutaneous Layer
The Subcutaneous layer lies below the dermis.
It is made up of loose connective tissue, including a tissue called the adipose.
This helps to insulate the body by monitoring heat gain and heat loss.
If this layer is overdeveloped, the signs of obesity or being overweight occur.
The Dermis is a layer of tissue that is deeper and thicker than the epidermis.
It contains the hair roots which are contained in a hair follicle.
Each follicle contains one or more oil glands which produce sebum.
Sebum is an oily substance that conditions the hair and skin.
Sweat glands begin in the dermis. Some of these sweat glands open into hair follicles while others open directly to the top layer of skin, the Epidermis.
The Dermis contains the sense organs for touch, pressure, pain and temperature. Nerve fibres and blood vessels reside in the dermis.
As newly formed cells are pushed to the surface, they flatten and harden then eventually die. Hardening is caused by a protein called keratin. Certain cells produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. When you sunbathe, these cells become busy producing melanin. This is done to protect the skin from the UV radiation in sunlight. Skin cancers are the commonest cancers in Ireland accounting for 26% of female cancers and 22.4% of male cancers. Approximately 6,000-7,000 new cases of skin cancer occur every year in Ireland.
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